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abstract modifiersuper method invocation, 355private, 151protected, 150public, 150public class instances, through public superclasses and superinterfaces, 151super keyword, 178private, example, 111protected, example, 110public, example, 109private, example, 111protected, example, 110public, example, 109private, example, 111protected, example, 110public, example, 109protected, details of, 105protected accessibility of superclass constructor, 106ArithmeticException, 321ClassCloneable interface implemented by, 214ArrayStoreException, 217Object as superclass of, 215
\)[])break statementbyte type
CR)boolean, 41void, not permitted, 287catch clause, 303try statementchar type, 31abstract, 137abstract methods in, 170.class suffix, as name for compiled files, 122Class objects, associated with arrays, 215ClassCastException, 75Error, 221, 226Exception, 226RuntimeException, 222, 226Throwable, 219, 221, 226finalClassCircularityError, 233ClassFormatError, 233NoClassDefFoundError, 233static, 172static, 171public, in example of qualified names and access control, 107publicIllegalAccessError, 235IncompatibleClassChangeError, 235InstantiationError, 235NoSuchFieldError, 236NoSuchMethodError, 236if statement reachability handling to support, 314import java.lang.*, 128break statement, 297continue statement, 299for statement, 295return statement, 301synchronized statement, 304throw statement, 302try statement, 305try-catch statement, 307try-catch-finally statement, 308final; fields, interface; literalsfinalprivate, example, 111protected, example, 110public, example, 109this keyword use for, 283final, 168private, preventing instantiation with, 139, 197protected, accessibility of, 105, 106throws clause, binary compatibility considerations, 270continue statementboolean expressions use for, 40break statement, specification, 297continue statement, specification, 299do statement, specification, 293for statement, specification, 295if statement, dangling else handling, 284if-then statement, specification, 288if-then-else statement, specification, 288switch statement, 49return statement, specification, 301switch statement, specification, 288synchronized statement, specification, 304throw statement, specification, 302try statement, specification, 305try-catch statement, specification, 307try-catch-finally statement, specification, 308while statement, specification, 292
elseimportabstract, 205abstract modifier; final modifier; native modifier; private modifier; protected modifier; public modifier; static modifier; synchronized modifier; transient modifier; volatile modifierArithmeticException, 34, 375do statementdouble type
Error class, unchecked exceptions as subclass of, 176private, 111protected, 110public, 109public and non-public, 107public, protected, and private access, 150private access, 151protected access, 150public access, 150abstract declarations, 207private, 111protected, 110public, 109throws, 186throws clause in method declarations, 175Exception, 226throws clause in method declarations, 175UnsatisfiedLinkException, 236Error, 221Exception, 226RuntimeException, 222Throwable, 219, 221AbstractMethodError, 268ClassCircularityError, 144, 258ClassFormatError, meaning, 233Error, 226ExceptionInInitializerError, 241, 304IllegalAccessError, 258, 272, 358IncompatibleClassChangeError, 264, 269, 272, 357InstantiationError, meaning, 235LinkageError, 233, 234NoClassDefFoundError, 240NoSuchFieldError, 264NoSuchMethodError, 267, 273, 357OutOfMemoryError, 176, 233, 241, 242, 321, 334, 338, 340, 360UnsatisifedLinkErrorVerifyError, 269, 272VirtualMachineError, 227try statements, 306NegativeArraySizeException, 321, 338NullPointerException, 194RuntimeException, 395uncaughtException method, when invoked, 220ArithmeticException, 324, 376ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 394, 399ArrayStoreException, 217, 320, 395, 398ClassCastException, 320, 372, 395IndexOutOfBoundsException, 212, 321, 364NullPointerException, 213, 222, 321, 358, 361, 364, 366, 394, 399RuntimeException, 226, 395this keywordinstanceof, evaluation, 385extends clause
private, example, 111protected, example, 110public, example, 109final, 156volatile declaration not permitted for, 158staticstatic (continued)staticfinal, binary compatibility considerations, 264transient, 156volatile, 156super keyword, 344, 345this keyword, 283public by default, 203public, by default in interface declaration, 202final modifierfinal by default in, interface declaration, 203volatile, 158finalize method, as member of Object class, 45finally clause, exception handling use, 223float type, 35float type, floating-point literal specification, 24, 33for statementreturn statement, 302
goto statementif statement, dangling else handling, 284
if statementselse, handling of, 285if-then statement, specification, 288if-then-else statement, specification, 288extends clause; interfacesimplements clause, 201public, protected, and private access, examples, 150for statement, 295Test class example initialization, 231staticsuper method invocation, 355instanceof operatorprivate constructors, 139, 197staticstaticinstanceof operatorbyte type, 33char type, 33int type, 33long type, 33short type, 33abstract methods, 205Cloneable, implemented by arrays, 214java.io.Serializable, implemented by arrays, 214publicSerializable, implemented by arrays, 214continue statement, specification, 299do statement, specification, 293for statement, specification, 295while statement, specification, 292
.java suffix, as name for source files, 122java package is always in scope, 125java.langpublic type names automatically imported from, 119, 123java.lang packagepublic type names automatically imported from, 128public types defined in, list of, 128
LF)Test class example, at virtual machine startup, 230ClassLoader class; execution; linkingTest class example, at virtual machine startup, 230synchronized networks, 174synchronized statement, 304long type, 33